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Mallory-Weiss tear

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Digestive system
Digestive system
Mallory-Weiss tear
Mallory-Weiss tear
Stomach and stomach lining
Stomach and stomach lining

Alternative Names    Return to top

Mucosal lacerations - gastroesophageal junction

Definition    Return to top

A Mallory-Weiss tear occurs in the mucous membrane of the esophagus, where it connects to the stomach. The tear may bleed.

Causes    Return to top

Mallory-Weiss tears do not happen very often. They are usually caused by forceful or long-term vomiting or coughing. They may also be caused by epileptic convulsions.

The tear may be followed by vomiting bright red blood or by passing blood in the stool. Any condition that leads to violent and lengthy bouts of coughing or vomiting can cause these tears.

Symptoms    Return to top

Exams and Tests    Return to top

Treatment    Return to top

The tear usually heals in about 10 days without treatment. Surgery is rarely required. Drugs that suppress stomach acid (proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers) may be given, but it is not clear if they are helpful.

If blood loss has been great, blood transfusions may be necessary. Excessive bleeding may need to be treated by using an endoscope (see EGD). In most cases, bleeding stops without treatment within a few hours.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

Repeated bleeding is uncommon unless there is also a problem with blood clotting. The outcome is expected to be good.

Possible Complications    Return to top

Hemorrhage (loss of blood)

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Call your health care provider if you begin vomiting blood or if you pass bloody stools.

Prevention    Return to top

Treatments to relieve vomiting and coughing may reduce risk. Avoid excessive alcohol use.

References    Return to top

Bjorkman DJ. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and occult gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 137.

Update Date: 12/19/2008

Updated by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; George F. Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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