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Orbital pseudotumor

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Skull anatomy
Skull anatomy

Alternative Names    Return to top

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome (IOIS)

Definition    Return to top

The orbit is a bony, pyramid-shaped cavity in the skull. It contains and protects the eyeball and related structures. Orbital pseudotumor is a swelling of the orbital tissues behind the eye, but unlike cancerous tumors, it cannot invade other tissues or spread elsewhere.

Causes    Return to top

The cause is unknown. It most commonly affects young women, although it can still occur at any age.

Symptoms    Return to top

Exams and Tests    Return to top

The changes of pseudotumor can be seen when the eye is examined. Tests to differentiate a pseudotumor from a tumor include the following:

Treatment    Return to top

Mild cases may go away without treatment. More severe cases will usually respond to treatment with corticosteroids. Very severe cases may develop damaging pressure on the eye, and require surgical movement of the bones of the orbit, to relieve pressure on the eyeball.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

Most cases are mild and do well. Severe cases may be resistant to treatment and visual loss may occur. Orbital pseudotumor usually involves only one eye.

Possible Complications    Return to top

Severe cases of orbital pseudotumor may push the eye forward to the extent that the lids can no longer protect the cornea, leading to drying of the affected eye. This can lead to damage to the clarity of the cornea, or to corneal ulcer (wound). The eye muscles may not be able to properly aim the eye, and double vision may result.

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Patients with pseudotumor will be closely followed by an ophthalmologist with experience in the treatment of orbital disease.

If you experience irritation of the cornea, redness, pain, or decreased vision, call your ophthalmologist or general health care provider right away.

References    Return to top

Fay A. Diseases of the Visual System. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 449.

Update Date: 8/22/2008

Updated by: Paul B. Griggs, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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