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Posterior fossa tumor

Contents of this page:

Alternative Names   

Infratentorial brain tumors; Brainstem glioma

Definition    Return to top

Posterior fossa tumor is a type of brain tumor located in or near the bottom of the skull.

Causes    Return to top

The posterior fossa is a small space in the skull, found near the brain stem and cerebellum. The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for movement.

If a tumor grows in the area of the posterior fossa, it can block the flow of spinal fluid and cause increased pressure on the brain and spinal cord.

Most tumors of the posterior fossa are primary brain cancers, which originate in the brain, rather than spreading from elsewhere in the body.

There are no known cause or risk factors associated with them.

Symptoms    Return to top

Symptoms occur very early with posterior fossa tumors and may include:

Symptoms from posterior fossa tumors also occur when the tumor damages local structures, such as cranial nerves. Symptoms of cranial nerve damage include:

Exams and Tests    Return to top

Diagnosis is based on thorough history and physical examination, followed by imaging tests. The best way to look at the posterior fossa is with an MRI.

Posterior craniotomy (open brain surgery) or stereotactic biopsy (using special instruments to get a small piece of the tumor) can be used to obtain tissue for diagnosis.

Tumors of the posterior fossa usually require surgical removal, even if they are benign (noncancerous). This is because of the delicate structures in the area that can be compressed by any abnormal growth and the frequency of symptoms associated with the tumors.

Treatment    Return to top

Most tumors of the posterior fossa are surgically removed. Occasionally, depending on the type of tumor and the size of it, postoperative radiation treatment is also used.

Support Groups    Return to top

The stress of illness may be eased by joining a support group whose members share common experiences and problems.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

Prognosis depends on early detection. Complete obstruction to the flow of spinal fluid causes herniation and death. If tumors are recognized before this point, surgery is associated with good, long-term survival.

Possible Complications    Return to top

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Call your health care provider if you notice consistent headaches that are accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or visual changes.

References    Return to top

Labuguen RH. Initial evaluation of vertigo. Am Fam Physician. 2006;73(1):244-251.

Wilne S, Collier J, Kennedy C, Koller K, Grundy R, Walker D. Presentation of childhood CNS tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(8):685-695.

Update Date: 6/10/2008

Updated by: James R. Mason, MD, Oncologist, Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Stem Cell Processing Lab, Scripps Clinic, Torrey Pines, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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