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Toddler development

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Toddler development
Toddler development

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Toddlers are children ages 1 through 3.

THEORIES

Jean Piaget, in the cognitive (thought) development theory, includes the following:

Erik H. Erikson's personal-social development theory says the toddler stage represents Autonomy (independence) vs. Shame or Doubt. The child learns to adjust to society's demands, while trying to maintain independence and a sense of self.

These milestones are typical of children in the toddler stages. Some variation is normal. If you have questions about your child's development, contact your health care provider.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

The following are signs of expected physical development in a toddler:

FINE MOTOR SKILLS

Evidence of fine motor skills in a 15-month-old includes:

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Normal toddler language development typically includes:

BEHAVIOR

Toddlers are always trying to be more independent. This creates not only special safety concerns, but discipline challenges. The child must be taught -- in a consistent manner -- the limits of appropriate vs. inappropriate behavior.

Frustration and anger frequently erupt in a toddler trying out activities they can't quite do yet. Breath-holding, crying, screaming, and temper tantrums may be daily occurrences.

It is important for a child to learn from experiences and to be able to rely upon consistent boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors.

SAFETY

Toddler safety is very important.

PARENTING TIPS

Update Date: 2/27/2008

Updated by: Rachel A. Lewis, MD, FAAP, Columbia University Pediatric Faculty Practice, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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