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Peritoneal fluid culture

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Peritoneal culture
Peritoneal culture

Alternative Names    Return to top

Culture - peritoneal fluid

Definition    Return to top

Peritoneal fluid culture is a laboratory test performed on a sample of peritoneal fluid to isolate and identify the presence of microorganisms that cause infection (peritonitis).

Peritoneal fluid is the fluid from the peritoneal cavity, a space between two membranes lining the abdominal cavity.

How the Test is Performed    Return to top

The test is performed by abdominal tap, a needle aspiration of the peritoneal cavity. A sample of fluid is sent to the laboratory for gram stain and culture preparation. The sample is examined regularly for the growth of microorganisms.

How to Prepare for the Test    Return to top

Empty your bladder before your abdominal tap procedure.

How the Test Will Feel    Return to top

A small area in your abdomen will be cleaned with an antiseptic. You will also receive local anesthesia. You will then feel pressure as the needle is inserted. If a large amount of fluid is withdrawn, you may feel dizzy or light-headed.

Why the Test is Performed    Return to top

The test is done to find out if there is an infection in the peritoneal space.

Normal Results    Return to top

Peritoneal fluid is a sterile fluid, so normally no organisms are present.

What Abnormal Results Mean    Return to top

The growth of any microorganism, such as bacteria or fungi, from peritoneal fluid is abnormal and represents peritonitis.

Risks    Return to top

There is a small risk of the needle puncturing the bowel, bladder, or a blood vessel in the abdomen, possibly resulting in bowel perforation, bleeding, and infection.

Considerations    Return to top

The diagnosis of peritonitis is based on more than just the peritoneal fluid culture (which may remain negative even in the presence of peritonitis).

Update Date: 1/27/2008

Updated by: D. Scott Smith, M.D., MSc, DTM&H, Chief of Infectious Disease & Geographic Medicine, Kaiser Redwood City, CA & Adjunct Assistant Professor, Stanford University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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